Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Invention of the Saddle Stirrup

The Invention of the Saddle Stirrup It appears such a straightforward thought. Why not add two pieces to the seat, hanging down on either side, for your feet to rest in while you ride a pony? All things considered, people appear to have tamed the pony around 4500 BCE. The seat was designed at any rate as right on time as 800 BCE, yet the principal legitimate stirrup most likely came about approximately 1,000 years after the fact, around 200-300 CE. No one knows who previously developed the stirrup, or even in which part of Asia the designer lived. For sure, this is a profoundly disputable subject among researchers of horsemanship, antiquated and medieval fighting, and the historical backdrop of innovation. Albeit standard individuals likely don't rank the stirrup as one of historys most prominent innovations, up there with paper, black powder and pre-cut bread, military students of history think of it as a genuinely key improvement in human expressions of war and victory. Was the stirrup designed once, with the innovation at that point spreading to riders all over the place? Or on the other hand did riders in various zones think of the thought autonomously? In either case, when did this occur? Shockingly, since early stirrups were likely made of biodegradable materials, for example, cowhide, bone, and wood, we may never have exact responses to these inquiries. First Known Examples of Stirrups So what do we know? Antiquated Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdis earthenware armed force (c. 210 BCE) incorporates various ponies, however their seats don't have stirrups. In models from antiquated India, c. 200 BCE, uncovered footed riders utilize huge toe stirrups. These early stirrups comprised essentially of a little circle of calfskin, wherein the rider could support each enormous toe to give a touch of strength. Reasonable for riders in hot atmospheres, in any case, the large toe stirrup would have been no utilization for booted riders in the steppes of Central Asia or western China. Strangely, there is additionally a little Kushan etching in carnelian that shows a rider utilizing snare style or stage stirrups; these are L-formed bits of wood or horn that don't surround the foot like present day stirrups, but instead give a kind of footstool. This fascinating etching appears to show that Central Asian riders may have been utilizing stirrups around 100 CE, yet it is the main known delineation of that locale, so more proof is expected to presume that stirrups were to be sure being used in Central Asia from such an early age. Present day style Stirrups The soonest known portrayal of current style encased stirrups originates from a clay horse doll that was covered in a First Jin Dynasty Chinese burial place close to Nanjing in 322 CE. The stirrups are triangular fit as a fiddle and show up on the two sides of the pony, yet since this is an adapted figure, it is difficult to decide different insights concerning the development of the stirrups. Luckily, a grave close Anyang, China from roughly a similar date yielded a genuine case of a stirrup. The perished was covered with full gear for a pony, including a gold-plated bronze stirrup, which was roundabout fit as a fiddle. One more burial place from the Jin period in China likewise contained a genuinely extraordinary pair of stirrups. These are progressively triangular fit as a fiddle, made of calfskin bound around a wooden center, at that point secured with enamel. The stirrups were then painted with mists in red. This beautifying theme infers the Heavenly Horse configuration discovered later in both China and Korea. The primary stirrups for which we have an immediate date are from the burial place of Feng Sufu, who passed on in 415 CE. He was a sovereign of Northern Yan, only north of the Koguryeo Kingdom of Korea. Fengs stirrups are very perplexing. The adjusted top of every stirrup was produced using a bowed bit of mulberry wood, which was secured with overlaid bronze sheets on the external surfaces, and iron plates secured with enamel within, where Fengs feet would have gone. These stirrups are of commonplace Koguryeo Korean plan. Fifth-century tumuli from Korea appropriate additionally yield stirrups, including those at Pokchong-dong and Pan-gyeje. They likewise show up in divider paintings and puppets from the Koguryeo and Silla administrations. Japan additionally embraced the stirrup in the fifth century, as indicated by burial place workmanship. By the eighth century, the Nara time frame, Japanese stirrups were open-sided cups as opposed to rings, intended to keep the riders feet from getting trapped on the off chance that the person tumbled off (or was shot off) of the pony. Stirrups Reach Europe In the interim, European riders managed without stirrups until the eighth century. The presentation of this thought (which prior ages of European antiquarians credited to the Franks, instead of Asia), took into account the advancement of overwhelming mounted force. Without the stirrups, European knights couldn't have gotten onto their ponies wearing overwhelming covering, nor might they be able to have jousted. Undoubtedly, the Middle Ages in Europe would have been very extraordinary without this straightforward minimal Asian innovation. Remaining Questions: So where does this leave us? Such a significant number of inquiries and past presumptions stay not yet decided, given this fairly insufficient proof. How did the Parthians of antiquated Persia (247 BCE - 224 CE) turn in their seats and shoot a parthian (separating) shot from their bows, in the event that they didn't have stirrups? (Obviously, they utilized profoundly curved seats for additional soundness, however this despite everything appears to be unimaginable.) Did Attila the Hun truly bring the stirrup into Europe? Or on the other hand were the Huns ready to strike dread into the hearts of all Eurasia with their horsemanship and shooting aptitudes, even while riding without stirrups? There is no proof that the Huns really utilized this innovation. Did old exchange courses, presently little recalled, guarantee that this innovation spread quickly across Central Asia and into the Middle East? Did new refinements and advancements in stirrup configuration wash to and fro between Persia, India, China and even Japan, or was this a mystery that lone bit by bit penetrated Eurasian culture? Until new proof is uncovered, we will just need to ponder. Sources Azzaroli, Augusto. An Early History of Horsemanship, Leiden: E.J. Brill Company, 1985.Chamberlin, J. Edward. Pony: How the Horse Has Shaped Civilizations, Random House Digital, 2007.Dien, Albert E. The Stirrup and Its Effect on Chinese Military History, Ars Orientalis, Vol 16 (1986), 33-56.Sinor, Denis. The Inner Asian Warriors, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 101, No. 2 (Apr. - June, 1983), 133-144.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Economics Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial aspects Coursework - Essay Example Moderateness of the clients: As home loans have gotten less exorbitant, the reasonableness of a normal resident has hence picked up development. In addition, contracts are more promptly accessible than previously and in this manner a shopper is bound to profit himself an advance and increment his general arrangement of decisions. Along these lines bringing about an expansion in the interest move of the purchaser. (Neate, 2013) b. Downturn: The weights have twofold effect on the interest shifts. Not just it has diminished the buying intensity of a buyer however it has likewise removed numerous arrangements of decisions where an individual used to contribute. As downturn is near, the greater part of the ventures are seen as more hazardous while these are additionally not expected to gain exceptional yields. In this way, potential speculators, particularly the enormous ones glance at lodging as a sheltered road for venture as the profits that it procures are very steady while the capita l additions are additionally a piece of the venture. This additionally impacts the interest bend to move on its right side and increment the general interest of the house claiming. (Neate, 2013) (O’sullivan, 2008) c. Group Sentiment: It will be noticed that the development of house costs has as of now grown out of the pace of development in the advances stretched out as home loans. Such just uncovers a point that the overall population is following the pattern. This can be because of reasons, for example, the dread of expanded home costs after the blast that these costs have gotten. Besides, its motivation may likewise be as those speculators who have looked it as a brilliant chance of capital increases and in this manner making a counterfeit air pocket of cost swelling that will at some point or another burst out. (Rowley, 2013) d. Desires: As costs have flooded up so are the desires for the individuals. As proposed in an ongoing article, the expense of normal home may go up by 50,000 pounds over the span of the following multi year. Besides, remembering the opinions, the government’s ongoing move to give intrigue let loose credit to 600,000 pounds has just moved the pattern further and have by and by offered raise to the requests of the majority. (Lambert, 2013) If we guide our consideration toward the variables that have may have affected the flexibly side of the UK’s house possessing marvel, the most significant factor that gets has moved the gracefully bend incorporates the effect of fares whose baffling exhibition has affected the flexibly side of the previously mentioned wonder. From that point forward, the administration has concentrated increasingly more on flexibly side by empowering the development of more houses. Additionally, the moneylenders have been too permissive towards purchasers as well as towards the venders also, since by supporting them in financing their tasks they are pushing the flexibly bend too, which for this s ituation is toward its right. In an ongoing move, the administration propelled subsidizing plan which permitted banks to benefit themselves cheap financing that permitted the bringing down of the loan fees whose effects were additionally observed on the interest side. (Rowley, 2013) 2. As should be obvious in the table underneath that the benefits will increment to 40,000 pounds if the charge is diminished from 10 pounds to 8 pounds: Fare Demand Total Revenue New Cost Profit 8 6 480 440 40 10 4 400 410 - 10 12 3 360 400 - 40 (O’sullivan, 2008) a. The following are the computations required if there should arise an occurrence of value elasticity’s of interest by the midpoint recipe technique just as rate change

Monday, August 10, 2020

Strategies for Getting Through a Panic Attack

Strategies for Getting Through a Panic Attack Panic Disorder Coping Print Strategies for Getting Through a Panic Attack By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 29, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2019 Tim Kitchen/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Take a Breath Loosen Up Change Your Mind Confront Panic Follow Recommendations View All Back To Top If you suffer from panic attacks, then youve been there before. You experience difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, muscle tension, and dizziness. These physical sensations are often accompanied by negative and frightening thoughts. You may fear losing control of yourself and quite possibly your sanity. Despite these overwhelming feelings, there are ways you can regain a sense of control when panic strikes. Below are some simple tips you can use to help ease common symptoms of a panic attack. Take a Breath Panic attacks can literally feel like they are taking your breath away. You may feel like you are hyperventilating, choking, or experiencing shortness of breath. Managing your changes in breathing can be the key to reducing panic symptoms. During an attack, try to bring your attention to your breath. How to Direct Your Breath Start by breathing slowly and purposely. This will counteract the shallow breathing characterized by most attacks. If possible, place your hands on your stomach and fill your belly with breath. When you inhale, you will feel your center rise and expand. As you exhale, it will then contract inward. These deliberate breaths will assist in soothing your body and mind. It may also be helpful to count each breath. Such as counting your first full breath in and out as one, the next breath in and out as two, and so on. This will not only help you breathe better, but it will also help you feel calmer by distracting your mind. The Benefits of Box Breathing for Stress Management Loosen Up When panic sets in, you may notice pain, numbness, and overall tensions throughout your body. By spending a few moments trying to relax your body, you can start to improve some of your physical discomforts. Letting go of this strain will also help relieve your anxious thoughts. Work your way up to your entire arm, tightening and loosening each set of muscles, moving from the forearm up to the shoulder. Then switch to the left side. Do the same for your legs, starting with your right foot. Continue to focus on separate muscle groups, including your back and shoulders, until you have worked your way all the way up to the top of your head. Dont forget to relax your facial muscles, as there is often a lot of tension held there. Try to soften your forehead, relax your jaw, and ease your neck. Change Your Mind Even when in full-blown panic mode, you may logically recognize that your fears are exceeding what is warranted by the situation. Despite wanting the panic to stop, your thoughts may be keeping you from feeling calm. When faced with negative thoughts  associated with a panic attack, try to distract your mind and refocus. As the panic attack takes its course, divert your attention to more pleasant thoughts. Instead of fearing the situation you are in, try thinking about the positive aspects of your life, such as a loved one, a beloved pet, or a favorite leisure activity. It may be helpful to think about something that makes you laugh or to visualize a tranquil scene. You can try to think of a funny joke or imagine a beautiful sunset. Affirm more positive statements to yourself. For example, repeat to yourself, I am okay, I am safe, or This will pass. Over time your negative thinking pattern will begin to give way to more encouraging views. Can I Stop a Panic Attack From Happening? Confront Panic One of the most effective ways to start managing panic attacks is to persistently face your fears. If your attacks are situational, such as being in crowds, try not to avoid these situations. Such exposure will help you to work through panic and will send the message to your fears that you are ultimately in control of them. If your panic attacks are unpredictable, meaning that no particular triggers bring them on, you will also need to tackle the panic as it comes. Remember that by becoming self- aware during a panic attack, even when it comes on unexpectedly, can help you cope with its symptoms. Remain aware of how youre feeling and remind yourself that it will not overtake you. Follow Treatment Recommendations Your physician or health care provider may recommend medication to help treat your panic attacks. Anti-anxiety medications, known as benzodiazepines, can provide fast relief for panic symptoms. Frequently prescribed benzodiazepines include Xanax (Alprazolam), Ativan (Lorazepam), Valium (Diazepam), and Klonopin (Clonazepam). Benzodiazepines are generally prescribed during the initial treatment phase as a short-term remedy for panic attacks. Antidepressants, such as Prozac (Fluoxetine), and Zoloft (Sertraline), are a commonly prescribed type of medication used in more long-term prevention of panic attacks. Since antidepressants can take several weeks to be effective, it is important to take them consistently to improve your symptoms. Benzodiazepines Short-term relief Take shortly before a panic-inducing situation, like prior to boarding an airplane or giving a speech Antidepressants Long-term prevention   Take daily to help alleviate feelings of anxiety and weaken strength and duration of panic attacks   Next time you are met with a panic attack, apply these techniques so that you can begin to regain some control. Keep in mind that these strategies wont work every time or for everyone, but try them out and see what helps you. These skills will be most effective if you practice them when you are not in a state of panic. By rehearsing them, they will become easier to use and will be more ingrained in your memory for when you will need them the most. You may also want to write them down and keep them with you so that you have them during panic-inducing situations. With patience, perseverance, and consistency, your panic attacks can be managed. You are most likely much braver than you think you are. Over time, you may begin to recognize your own courage as you continue to conquer panic attacks. Find Relief With An Online Anxiety Support Groups

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Dramatic Devices in Williams Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay

Dramatic Devices in Williams Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Williams instinctively understands the loneliness of a human being - his or her constant and desperate attempt that is to escape the reality that is there loneliness and their subsequent failure to do so. Williams portrays this loneliness to an audience through the spatial distances on stage between characters, which is suggested in the stage direction. Margaret is alone. It is also emphasised through symbolism and the dialogue between characters. Big Mama accuses Margaret of not satisfying Brick in bed and of Bricks break down. After this accusation, Margaret is alone, completely alone. By repeating this stage direction Williams is†¦show more content†¦It is also why she oscillates between convincing Brick of her sexuality and her obsession with children. Ive borne no children, Im childless, you cant have babies, they gloat over us being childless. This obsession makes her very insecure. When Big Mama starts questioning, Dyou make Brick happy in bed? She is observing tha t Maggies sexuality isnt enough, therefore this breaks Maggies crutch and leaves her completely alone and isolated. As a defence mechanism, Maggie creates another personality for herself, I am Maggie the cat! Williams uses this animal as it has many connotations. A cat has connotations of being a fighter and a survivor and also of being a solitary animal. Maggie has all of these qualities but at this point in the play she is especially showing that of a solitary animal. The dialogue also displays the isolation between the two characters. Maggie does a lot of talking, You know, our sex life didnt just peter out in the normal wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the best lookin man in the crowd-followed me upstairs and tried to force his way in the powder room with me, followed me to the door and tried to force his way in! These lengthy speeches often have no particular or relevant point but are just to fill the silence. Bricks dialogue mainly consists of short,Show MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent ways and interpret things differently as well. In the 3 texts dissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them toRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesexception of Celtic pattern-making, book design and illumination had sunk to a low in most of Europe. - Many people feared that the year 1000 AD would be the end of the world. - On New Years Ever, 999 AD, many people stripped naked, and lay on their roofs waiting for final judgment. - By 1150 AD, Bibles were becoming massively produced. - During the 1200’s, the rise of universities created an expanding market for books. - The Book of Revelation had a surge of unexplained popularity in England andRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthrough trial and error, Henry Ford’s talented team of production managers pioneered the development of the moving conveyor belt and thus changed manufacturing practices forever. Although the technical aspects of the move to mass production were a dramatic ï ¬ nancial success for Ford and for the millions of Americans who could now afford cars, for the workers who actually produced the cars many human and social problems resulted. With simpliï ¬ cation of the work process, workers grew to hate the monotony

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Cosmology in Miltons Paradise Lost - 2810 Words

The Oxford English Dictionary defines cosmos as the world or universe as an ordered and harmonious system, from the Greek, kosmos, referring to an ordered and/or ornamental thing. When God created the world he had this in mind. To have a harmonious system in the universe where everything can live in peace and free of all worry. God was on top and everything was peaceful. Until the angles in Miltons Paradise Lost had a fight. After the fight God banished these bad angels and had the last part of his universe created, hell. This completed a very complex picture of Miltons vision of the universe in the beginning. The encyclopedic writers of the early Middle Ages communicated a modest assortment of basic cosmological information,†¦show more content†¦Universal agreement of such magnitude emerged not because the educated felt compelled to yield to the authority of Aristotle, but because his cosmological picture offered a persuasive and satisfying account of the world as they perceived it. Nonetheless, certain elements of Aristotelian cosmology quickly became the objects of criticism and debate, and it is here, in the attempt to flesh out and fine-tine Aristotelian cosmology and bring it into harmony with the opinions of other authorities and with biblical teaching, that medieval scholars made their cosmological contribution. But the most interesting point about Milton ´s cosmology is this: why, when he knew of the discoveries Galileo had made with his telescope-as Book VIII clearly proves-and must have accepted the validity of the Copernican cosmology, wich our planetary system revolves, did Milton base his universe upon the Ptolematic pattern? The answer lies in the literary advantages of accepting the older though erreoneous concept: it was known, and Copernicanism was strongly resisted and only slowly accepted; the Ptolematic system was orderly, it laid down limits within wich Milton found it easier to work, and it made God and man the two ends of a chain-man can ascend, onward and everShow MoreRelatedThe Influences on Genesis1288 Words   |  5 Pagesarchetypes of both world religions and a number of literary and artistic traditions. The idea of a paradise arises in a vast number of traditions, and in many of these traditions this story of a paradise is one of paradise lost. Of course, this arche type has continued has continued since the recording of Genesis, not only directly in works such as Miltons description of a Christian paradise that is lost and found, but also indirectly in the telling of mythical sagas such as the books of J.R.R. TolkienRead MorePsychological Anxieties in English Literature Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pages and man’s achievement rather than finding solace in belief in a theological God or supernatural or divine forces. Man became self-centric and the horizons of knowledge in all fields began to widen and man’s interest in several branches such as cosmology, psychology, astronomy, anthropology etc. increased manifolds. Renaissance men increased his thirst for thinking about future and his own existence precarious or life unsatisfactory, there emerged a spirit of restlessness, adventure, wonder and evenRead More Angels Essay5539 Words   |  23 Pagesthose images Description Of The Angelic Hierarchy All three major religions of the Western world, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, as well as virtually all of the worlds other systems of religious belief, include celestials in their cosmologies. Their scriptures all contain references to angelic int erventions. Angels, like people, belong to families or clans. Many names have been given to them, but in the opinion of a number of angel historians, the most familiar can be arranged in

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook Free Essays

Phi Cao Carlin – 1 English IIK 30, January 2013 1. Character: Clarisse Quote: â€Å"I sometimes think drivers don’t know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them slowly,† she said. â€Å"If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes! He’d say, that’s grass! A pink blur! That’s a rose garden! White blurs are houses Brown blurs cows. We will write a custom essay sample on Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now My uncle drove slowly on a highway once. He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days. Isn’t that funny and sad too? (1. ) Analysis: As Clarisse and Montag meet for the first time, she asks a series of mysterious questions that no one in the dystopia would ever even think of. The statements and questions display how wise she is and how there are very few people like her in this society that can actually see the enjoyments in life and nature. She attempts to make Montag understand that this world they live in, everything moves so fast, they need to slow down every once in a while and appreciate the simple pleasures in life. Because their society is overtaken by technology they are convinced that it is the only way to make them happy. Quote: â€Å"Are you happy? † (1. 10) By asking a simple question like this, it challenged Montag to think beyond his usual capacity, thinking outside of his normal life. He’s began to have thoughts about his definition of true happiness. He starts to realize he’s not truly happy, that’s why it took him a while to respond to her question. This quote by Clarisse is one of the most important quotes throughout the story. Without this quote, Montag wouldn’t doubt himself about his true happiness. 2. Symbols: Fire Quote: â€Å"We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. † (1. 40) Analysis: As the old woman whose house was about to be burned due to her love for books, she screams to Montag about â€Å"Master Ridley† and â€Å"playing the man. † As the story continues, Beatty reveals to Montag this quote said by a british man named Latimer. After critically thinking Montag learns that there are things in the world hat are worth living and dying for which no one in this society is willing to do. For the woman it symbolizes unyielding strength, determination and dedication. Quote: The fire was gone, then back again, like a winking eye. He stopped, afraid he might blow the fire out with a single breath. But the fire was there and he approached warily, from a long way off. It took the better part of fifteen minutes b efore he drew very close indeed to it, and then he stood looking at it from cover. That small motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a different thing to him. It was not burning. It was warming. (3. 145) Analysis: Throughout the whole story Montag saw fire as nothing but destruction and he took pleasure into book burning at the beginning. So now seeing that this flame as a nice warming home for him, it begins to make him question. This small warm-felt fire began to make him see what he’s been so clueless about all along. Burning books wasn’t the solution but the problem. He then reconsiders about what Clarisse said about firemen. What if his job was really to stop burning books and rather than starting them? How to cite Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Freshmen blues free essay sample

The colleges did was a semester-long course which only helps with improving their social skills and prevent them from quitting or transferring. Well unfortunately it did help with those skills but did not help them academically. This is proven by an estimate, about one- third Of college freshmen nationally dont return for their sophomore year. The college had to find a better solution to connect with their student or it was going to mess with there money. Secondly he explained how the colleges did not really do anything at first to help improve the freshmen blues.This was shown by student that attend stuff about skits that promote racial diversity and sexual health and discourage drinking, So basically they care about the sexual health of students and basically discourage them from drinking. Nothing about really helping them through the freshmen blues. Then lastly, the colleges are trying to make the classes smaller in size so it is more one on fifty then one on ninety students. We will write a custom essay sample on Freshmen blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So the students feel like they are someone instead of just a number in a lecture. This is mainly because many universities simply can no longer afford to lose them. Also the universities are learning that large collages are always accused of not paying enough attention to their students especially the new ones. Since they can not lose anymore students they have made some improvements to the way they run their collages.

Monday, March 23, 2020

Explore How the Poet Creates the Scene in the Poem ‘in Romney Marsh’ free essay sample

Explore how the Poet Creates the Scene in the Poem ‘In Romney Marsh’. This poem centres on the experiences of the poet in the place Romney Marsh. Right from the beginning, we can tell that this is not going to be just an ordinary description of a place, because had it been that, the poet would have just named it ‘Romney Marsh’. The addition of the word ‘In’ makes the poem sound like an account of things that have happened there. This is backed up immediately by the first stanza, which begins with ‘As I went†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The fact that it is in the first person immediately sets the tone, and informs the reader that this is a personal story of the poet’s experiences with the Marsh. The anaphora of ‘I’ in the first stanza also helps to bring this out. Throughout the poem the poet makes frequent use of the senses. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore How the Poet Creates the Scene in the Poem ‘in Romney Marsh’ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sounds are very prominent in this poem, as they bring the place to life. For example, ‘ringing shrilly’, or ‘clashed on the shore’. In the former example, at the start of the second stanza, this phrase is significant, as it effectively kills the jovial, relaxed mood from the first stanza, and creates a rather more eerie one. This mood does not last long however, and with the phrase ‘a veil of purple vapour flowed’, the jovial mood is restored. This image is one of several, along with ‘like sapphire glowed’, and ‘the saffron beach, all diamond drops’, which contain royal and rich connotations, emphasising how special this place is for the poet, that he would go as far as to compare it to expensive, valuable things like diamonds or saffron. The tranquil mood is upheld throughout by words of gentle movement such as ‘flowed’, ‘trailed’, or ‘wagged’. These all bring the place to life and give it a peaceful, tranquil atmosphere. There are several examples throughout the poem of religious imagery, whereby the poet compares something in the marsh to something sacred or deeply religious. For example, ‘roses filled Heaven’s central gates’. Here he has possibly arrived at Dymchurch wall and could be comparing a gate there to a gate in Heaven, which again emphasises how this marsh is effectively like heaven for the poet. The poet uses several metaphors and similes to bring out his admiration for the marsh. When night falls, he compares the stars that come out to ‘flakes of silver fire’, which presents a rather romantic image of the marsh. In the fourth stanza he continues his trend of comparing the marsh to rich and royal things, by saying ‘beads of surge’. Here he is really describing the white of the waves, and comparing it to pearls. There s also plenty of personification, most notably in the first stanza, where he writes ‘I heard the South sing o’er the land’, referring to the south wind, and personifying it to bring the place to life. Alliteration also plays a key role in this poem, especially in the first stanza, where there is alliteration in every line. For instance, ‘down to Dymchurch’, or ‘knolls where Norman†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This alliteration adds to the rhythmic, musical feeling to create a peaceful, positive atmosphere at the start of the poem. There is also sibilance used to imitate the sound of the wind, in ‘South sing’. In the phrase ‘flicker and fade from out the west’, the poet uses alliteration to bring out the movement of fire, comparing the sunset to bits of fire falling from the sky. This poem is written in iambic tetrameter, which gives a rhythmic feeling to the poem, and it might imitate the rhythm of the poet’s footsteps on his journey through the marsh. The regular alternate rhyme scheme reflects the harmony between all of the elements of Romney Marsh. The structure is seven regular stanzas, and it parallels his journey through the marsh. From the fifth stanza onwards, he has turned around and is heading back. He writes similar phrases to the early stanzas, but simply inverts them. For example, ‘as I went down to Dymchurch Wall’, becomes ‘as I came up from Dymchurch Wall’. In the penultimate stanza, there is a caesura in the first line, which breaks up the rhythm and creates a pause to mark the big moment of ‘Night sank:’ This blunt statement indicates that he might be sad that he can’t see his lovely marsh any longer, but his sadness then disappears as he describes the beautiful night sky.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essays

Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essays Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essay Of Gifts and Goodbyes Essay Alicia J Mrs. Miller English 2, 4th Period 7 November 2013 Of Gifts and Goodbyes Phew. Panting, I hoisted my bright orange luggage bag out of the trunk of my grandmas car and lug it across the airports marble floor. It seemed heavier than I remember. And to think that I had to take some stuff out last night because Dad said I put too much stuff in it and there is a possibility of my bag bursting somewhere along the trip. The wheels squealed under the weight in carried and I winced. Shh! The airport buzzed with activity. People scurried about like mice, a middle aged oman consoled her crying baby, a tall man in a business suit yakked into his cell phone. I narrowed my eyes and squinted slightly, scanning the crowds for familiar faces. My shoulders slumped a little. None. Subconsciously, my hand reached up to tug on the black beanie I put on to hide my messy hair. My phone vibrated, I froze and, my hand hung in mid air. Once. Twice. Buzz buzz buzz. Walking to the nearest vacant bench, I sat down to reply to the text messages I received. All of them bore the same question, Hey, where are you? I chuckled to myself. In a matter of seconds, I tapped out my reply and got up after pressing send, casually strolling to Starbucks when I really wanted to sprint over. Effortlessly, I maneuvered through the sea of people and sat down at an empty table, located at the far end. Since it was still early and to avoid appearing awkward, I scrolled down my phone mindlessly while waiting. The enticing aroma of brewing coffee and roasted coffee beans filled my senses and I smiled to myself. I thought of getting up and ordering a cup of semi-sweet, warm, mouth watering goodness and a croissant to go with it but shrugged it off. My friends arrived one by one and I greeted them all with a smile. Oh, dont mention it, they replied with a grin when I thanked them profusely for setting aside some time to come see me before I boarded my plane. Candy, flowers, cards and various trinkets were held out in my direction and I smiled. A stack of letters made me squeal in delight. I arranged them neatly in my backpack and tucked the letters in a compartment that wont wrinkle or crush them. We sat down and snared a tew laughs. Looking back, the stupid things we did, taught s a lesson or two and none of us seemed to regret it. My cousin bought me ice cream. Dont worry about it, kiddo. Its my turn to buy you something this time, he chuckled and ruffed my hair though he knew that I hated it whenever he did that. We made something for you, Aaron, my brother-from-another-mother declared. He held up a long black roll. His face was solemn, I couldnt help but giggle. The black roll turned out to be a large black card and I fell quiet. The word Memories was written at the top. I was at a loss for words. The card was decorated with various roup photos, old movie stubs and a portrait of me, drawn from a photo of me taken a week ago. I remembered it as if it was yesterday. Everyone had the time of their life, laughing and dancing- hula dancing to be exact, under the stars. Aaron played the ukulele onstage and sang his rendition of Jason Mraz Im Yours. The waves seemed to catch the beat and crashed against the rocks, accentuating the performance. Sand got into our flip flops but no one seemed to care. Someone pulled me aside. Hey A1! Look at you, with those flowers on your head. You look great! I looked at the neon pink tank top I paired with a pastel green wraparound. Take a picture, itll last longer, I replied playfully while adjusting the flower crown that sat on top of my head. He whipped his phone out and his finger hovered over a button. Say Hawaii! We took a number of photos together and my cheeks literally hurt from all the smiling. Never smiling. Again! I exclaimed, rubbing my aching cheeks a few times for emphasis. The time passed quicker than I thought it would and it was actually time for me to go. I hugged and was hugged- tightly. I felt my eyes getting wet but I blinked them back. No one else was crying. Dont you be the only one crying. I hugged my grandma the last and I saw that her eyes were red. Tears sprang into my eyes again and my voice broke when I told her that I would be back soon, and that she had to take care of herself well. Well miss you! everyone called out before I disappeared into the domestic gate. I waved at them until they were out of sight. My heart soared. My head spun. Im leaving today! Throughout the year, daydreams werent unusual for me. I have been dreaming of eaches, tanned skin and a fabulous life ever since I found out that I would be flying to the United States to continue my studies. Just the thought of it made me giddy with excitement. It felt Just like it was yesterday that I was dragging my feet, knowing that the day I would be leaving seemed like a few light years away. Now it seemed as if I couldnt take big enough strides. I Just couldnt wait. I buckled my seatbelt before the safety announcements came on and sat back. It wasnt a full flight so I had all three seats to myself. I sat near the window and put my ag on the seat next to me. My fingers tugged at the zipper on my bag and I dug inside for the stack of letters. The pilot started talking and went through a few announcements but my mind was back home. Tears burned the back of my eyes, my throat swelled and it hurt to swallow. My vision blurred and a tear ran down my cheek. It quivered for a moment on the tip of my nose, then splashed onto my light colored sweater, leaving a small, dark circle. More tears followed as I let it all out. My shoulders quaked and I tried to keep silent and pretended to be fascinated by the view out the window. IVe been here all my life, I realized. IVe met all kinds people, blessings and curses. These people have helped mold the person I am today. I also realized that I might not see these people ever again. A part of me is relieved because IVe been scarred by many, like everyone else. But I do believe that people step in and out of ones life for a reason. Be it a blessing or a curse, I hope I become a blessing for many. I closed my eyes and leaned back, the letters strewn on my lap. A small smile tugged on the corner of my lips. This is a new beginning.

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Fathers need to be as involved in their children's lives as mother are Essay

Fathers need to be as involved in their children's lives as mother are - Essay Example Fathers should be involved in their children’s lives just as much as their mothers are because fathers offer different skill sets than mothers, children receive a much improved childhood, and fathers good set a good example for their children. One reason why fathers need to play an equal role, in conjunction with their wives, in their children’s lives is that they have certain characteristics that cannot be replicated by mothers. In single-parent households, mothers are generally left to pick up the slack left behind by an absent father. That is not to say that a mother cannot fill the gap of a missing father, but each parent has specific roles that must be performed by them. While mothers are generally left to enforce the rules that children must live by, it is the responsibility of fathers to set these rules and then meter out the appropriate punishment if these rules happened to be broken. For a mother to perform all three of these actions is perhaps too much. Childr en would feel like they were getting singled out for nothing. It is for this reason that fathers often command more respect that mothers do. This is because children instinctively know that fathers are the ones in charge and that the buck stops with them. It is okay for fathers and mothers to have different positions on how to raise their children because each would have an idea on how to raise their kids. As the old cliche goes, â€Å"Two heads are better than one.† This is not to put mothers down; it’s just that fathers fill a place that can help to enhance a family’s relationship. Another reason why fathers must involve themselves in their children’s lives just as much as mothers is that the children are better for it. It is always reassuring for a child growing up to see two parents that are totally committed to each other. Children interpret this as both parents being devoted to the health and well-being of their offspring. This can continue on into other areas of a child’s life such as education and in social settings. Many studies show that children perform better when a father’s is interested in their schoolwork. In terms of a child’s social life, they are better able to make friendships and trust others if they have already experienced this in their family life. The final reason why fathers need to be involved in their children’s lives as much as mothers is that fathers are in a position to be a good example for their children. Fathers have life skills that they can teach to their children that mothers would have no idea about. The role of a father in his son’s life is extremely important. The way a father is involved in his son’s life affects not only how the son’s perceives his father but affects his behaviors later on in life. Fathers who are alcoholics and abusive husbands tend to have sons grow up to do the very same thing. On the other hand, a father who is a loving hus band and has found success in his life will likely have a son who is well-grounded and focused on his life goals. In another way, fathers can show a good example to their daughters too. Fathers who love and care about their daughters will likely find that they grow up to becoming successful young women. Fathers have a very important role to play in the lives of their children because they have always been thought of as the head of the household.

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Advantages and Trials of Effectively Introducing a VLE at a Assignment

The Advantages and Trials of Effectively Introducing a VLE at a University in Saudi Arabia - Assignment Example A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is a software program devised to facilitate instructors in the management of courses for their students. It aims at helping students and teachers with course administration. It can also track the student’s progress which can be monitored by both the learners and instructors. VLEs are mostly viewed as being helpful in distance learning but in practice they are equally beneficial in supplementing face-to-face classroom. Typically, the application of VLEs enables the users to easily upload their materials and resources, offers an integrated set of internet tools and provides a consistent look and feel that can be customized by the user. Therefore, the employment of technology to support learning is largely prevailed by the use of VLEs. In this paper, the main concern will be how VLE has been used in EFL teaching and how it can be employed in EFL studies at the University of Ha’il. EFL (English as a Foreign Language) courses among a vari ety of other courses offered in institutions of higher education, have witnessed changes in the recent years which include high enrollment rates, increasing diversity of students and less resources. In addition, EFL courses are likely to be enrolling students who are mature, possessing other qualifications other than the already existing A-levels or at times studying part time (M.Owen, 2000). These students have different backgrounds, preferences and skills in the way they learn. Moreover, these students have expectations of studying current and new trends in technology. In the United States, for example, the EFL population has been raising over the past years (K. Sharma, 2010). Therefore, the language need of EFL and ESL students have prompted teachers to devise new and innovative methods of educating these students. The Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) have come up with accessibility standards that will apply to EFL and ESL students. They argued that all EFL students should have access to services provided by their institutions, should be given appropriate curriculum, and have equitable and fair assessments. They should also be offered a positive learning environment. Recently, a majority of EFL tutors have chosen VLE as an aid in meeting and satisfying the above standards. In EFL pedagogical issues are more common in the employment of technology. Pedagogical content knowledge focuses on the strategies used in teaching, that is, those strategies that bring about the best learning experience for every learner. It involves learning different teaching approaches that make the learning process more suitable to the students. In this case, the tutor should be flexible in adjusting instructions to cater for the various learning styles, interests and abilities. The major essence of pedagogical studies is to know how to best teach a concept so that the learners will receive the best learning experience. The different teaching approaches empl oyed may differ from one tutor to the other (Salmon, 2005). In EFL courses, teachers can use pedagogical studies and include technology knowledge. This is referred to as technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). The development of TPCK by tutors is crucial to effective teaching with technology. EFL teachers are emphasized in TPCK since they are viewed as autonomous agents with the power to significantly

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design Theoretical design of efficient perovskite electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction Summary This project aims to engineer perovskite materials as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 to fuel conversion. Perovskite are appealing candidates because of their wide ranging and complex electronic structures. There is a scope to break some of the limitations of metallic catalysts to come up with new efficient electro catalyst. The endless varieties of electronic properties oxides’ show are truly astounding. We would like to search this large materials space systematically for possible catalyst with improved activity for CO2 reduction. However, they should also be active, stable and conductive at relevant potentials to meet application targets. Identification and establishment of design principles for efficient oxide catalyst for CO2 reduction will mark the scientific part of this project. Efforts to be made for predicting molecular pathway of CO2 reduction reactions and develop unified search criterion like descriptors regarding these reactions. Then this knowledge to be appl ied for high throughput computational search for best perovskite electrocatalysts. In this project we plan to utilize the latest simulation methodologies developed based on density functional theory (DFT) towards understanding the molecular mechanism of CO2 to fuel conversion on oxide surfaces. Further on, we will explore kinetic barriers using nudged elastic band (NEB) method to come up with possible efficient electro catalyst. Introduction and perspective on impact Global energy consumption will increase manifold in a few decades as larger fraction of world population achieves higher quality of life. This demand could be met from fossil fuels, particularly coal. However, in recent time, carbon dioxide level in the air has reached the highest (>400 ppm) of the last 20 million years, causing radical and largely unpredictable changes in the environment. Thus to maintain sustainability for human kind, it will require invention, development, and deployment of carbon-neutral energy production at a scale larger than, the entire energy supply in modern civilization. To support high penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power it would require a commensurate increase in energy storage capacity to integrate them into the electrical power grid. This is to facilitate reliability in power delivery by smoothing out the large fluctuations. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 and H2O into liquid fuels is the holy grail where high density renewable energy storage and CO2 capture meet each other. However, no electro-catalyst known to man can catalyse this reaction efficiently. Copper (Cu) is the only metal with considerable activity, but its efficiency and selectivity for liquid fuels are far too low for practical use. Ruthenium dioxide can convert CO2 to methanol at a low overpotential, however, the process is rather unselective and ruthenium is extremely scarce. It is of utmost importance to discover efficient electro catalyst with low over potential, high faraday efficiency and most importantly, made of earth abundant elements. Recent success obtained in photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on SrTiO3 surfaces and electrocatalytic reduction of the same on Lanthanum Strontium Cuprate perovskite leads us towards selecting oxides especially perovskite as the most promising class of materials to study. The potential phase space of (mixed metal at A and B site) perovskite materials is very large, thus experimentally testing all compounds is not practically feasible, but has to be narrowed down through computational screening. Simulation science has taken up a key role in development of new energy materials in the last couple of years, through computation of materials properties, which are difficult to measure experimentally. Development in computer power has enabled large-scale materials screening and design at atomistic scale. Within catalyst design, simulations can identify restrictions on catalyst activity and selectivity caused by scaling laws, and these laws enable efficient prediction of activity or selectivity for possible new catalysts. Background Hori did seminal work on electrochemical reduction of CO2 on pure metals. Cu is the only metal that does not desorb CO and can uniquely reduce CO2 to significant quantities of hydrocarbons (mainly CH4 and C2H4). Reduction of CO2 on Cu is accompanied with a very high over-potential that hinders this reaction from being energy efficient. Recently, a mechanism that explains coppers unique ability in reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons and the origin of the high over-potential for the reduction of CO2 was identified by DFT calculations in conjunction with computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) model. Since electrochemical CO2 reduction to methane is an eight electron-proton transfer step that has seven intermediates, finding the best catalyst in principle demands understanding of a seven-dimensional molecule surface interaction space. Fortunately, the binding energies of carbon bounded species and oxygen bounded species scale with the binding energies of CO and OH, respectively. These correlati ons reduce the dimensionality to two binding energies but make it difficult to change the binding energies independently. Based on different reaction pathways and scaling relations Peterson and co-workers constructed volcano plots for different metals. It was shown that regardless of the reaction pathway, changing the metal surface marginally changes the over-potential. This helped to move the focus on other class of catalysts e,g, rutile oxides (Ru/Ir/Ti) can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to alcohols. However, very little is known about the reduction of CO2 to alcohols on oxide electrocatalysts. As the binding energies of OH/CO vary much widely on oxides than metals, it is possible to have different pathways and thermodynamic limiting steps on oxide surfaces than metallic ones. That makes template based computational search much more challenging, at the same time opening up possibilities of adsorbate-surface binding energies away from the established scaling laws. In general, there are three criteria that should be fulfilled by a newly proposed catalyst material: The catalyst should have high selectivity towards desired product It should have high energy efficiency, i.e. low reduction over-potential It should be stable at potentials of interest so that the activity does not degrade over time It should have sufficient electronic/polaronic conductivity Research plan For the thermodynamic pathway of the reactions, computational hydrogen electrode model will be followed to calculate the potential dependent reaction free energies from density functional theory based calculations using BEEF-vdW functional and PAW method as implemented in VASP. Corrections for zero point energy, heat capacity, entropic contribution and other energy correction for free molecules will be taken into account. Usage of BEEF-vdW functional will enable the estimation of errors in first principles calculations and describe proper long range van der Waals interaction between adsorbates and surfaces. Statistical tools will be used to calculate corrections from vibrational modes of the adsorbates. In addition, to describe correctly the electronic structure of late transition and rare-earth metals, Hubbard U correction method will be employed as and when required. To know atomic structure of the catalyst surface, which is key to these calculations, potential dependent surface Po urbaix diagrams will be constructed. Kinetic barriers for individual reaction steps will be searched with the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method. This method lets us find saddle points and minimum energy paths between two atomic configurations and works by optimizing a number of intermediate images along the reaction path. Using this methodology to study CO2 reduction over a handful of well-known perovskite materials, we will be able to establish activity descriptors for favorable catalysts. Through Brà ¸nsted–Evans–Polanyi relation between the activation energy and the reaction energy extends scaling laws to kinetic barriers as well. Using thermodynamic and kinetic scaling laws, it will be feasible to define most critical descriptors of the many electron reactions. These descriptors along with selectivity based parameters (e.g. suppressed hydrogen evolution) will be used to screen through a really large phase space of perovskite structures constructed in a 2x2x2 supercell (40 atoms) by using a large number of different elements in A/B or anion site as well as vacancies which are common in many perovskite materials. Significant fraction of these hypothetical structures will be discarded through simple rules like oxidation number sum, Goldstein’s rule and Valence Bond models. In th e screening process, the stability of possible structures are assessed using an accurate scheme of comparing the total energy of each compound to a pool of reference systems using a linear programming algorithm, to determine whether the material is stable or not. The further level of screening will include looking for materials with small or no bandgap using GLLB-sc functional. This is a crude approximation for screening purpose. For few selected structures, other conduction mechanism such as quantum tunneling or polaron hopping will be studied in more detail using Marcus theory for polaron hopping and non-equilibrium Green function based transport modelling. Even with the large reduction in search space through simple rule based screening, it will be impossible to perform DFT calculation for all of the possible structure. A genetic algorithm based search will enable us to effectively get the fittest candidates with existing computational resources. The parameters for the fit function will be similar as discussed above. Concepts of mutation and crossover will be used for quick searching. The project will be carried out in collaboration with experimentalist from DTU Energy Conversion (Prof. Nini Pryds and his group) and DTU Physics (Prof. Ib Chorkendorff and group). This will enable rapid experimental validation of predicted materials as effective CO2 reduction electrocatalyst. Work package and milestones WP1: Establish reaction mechanism (Jan 2015 – Aug 2015) 1.1 Calculate atomistic structure of SrTiO3 and NaNbO3 (100) and (110) surfaces from surface Pourbaix diagram 1.2 Study wide variety adsorbates to confirm reaction pathway to alkane and alcohols 1.3 Estimate kinetic barriers for the reaction paths WP2: Search for Descriptor (Sept 2015 – Feb 2016) 2.1 Calculate thermodynamic and kinetic barrier for CO2 reduction reactions for larger number (~50) of well-known perovskite. 2.2 Study these barriers for identifying best descriptors for the reactions 2.3 Do micro-kinetic modelling of the system considering different final products both carbonaceous and hydrogen based of the descriptors of reactions, to define region of selectivity and low over-potential requirement. WP2: High throughput computing based catalyst search and validation (Mar 2015 – Dec 2016) 3.1 Setup Computational infrastructure (e.g. software framework working in unison) required for screening methodology over billions of structures. The layers in the screening (rule based and calculation based) as well as the genetic algorithm based evolutionary search tool has to work in tandem. 3.2 Perform the large scale search for optimum binding energies, kinetic barrier, conductivity and selectivity through GA based exploration of the phase space. The fit criterion for a specific product to be defined based on the results of the micro-kinetic modelling. 3.3 Synthesize and run experiments for measuring activity of a handful of selected candidates for different end products Resource requirement The scale of the computational search and complexity requires tier0 type supercomputing infrastructure. I expect to be able to use ~8 million cpu hours in the DTU HPC resource – NIFLHEIM. Applications have also been made for another 20 million cpu hours under the European supercomputing program – PRACE. Scientific dissemination The fundamental insight developed, catalyst predicted and validated throughout this project will generate utmost interest in the catalysis for sustainable energy field internationally. Thus findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals with a high visibility. Such publications can be expected during 4Q of 2015 and 2016. Preliminary results will be presented at relevant conferences within the fields of electrocatalysis, computational electrochemistry and surface science. Besides contributing to fundamental insight the project is focused on specific catalyst design and it is therefore an objective that one or more patents will be filed for at the end of the period.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Does Art Influence Culture, or Does Culture Influence Art Essay

Does art shape the mood and dependency of culture, or does culture shape the perspective of art? Art does not only mean the literal paintings, and physical art. Music, poetry, sculpting, and theatre, are also in the category of art, and people like William Shakespeare and Matsuo Basho have definitely left their mark on the past and present’s cultures with their expressions of art. Art and culture are not black and white concepts; there is no way to say that one affects the other absolutely. But they do affect each other, in many instances. For example, art reflects culture in that the society and environment in which the form of art was created may have affected the person, place, and reason behind why that piece of art was created. It can show the economic status of that nation in the art and the materials used to make it. On the other hand, culture reflects art, because art can act like a beacon or catalyst. It motivates and influences people, in the way that a good song can lift a spirit or induce feelings of sadness. Aristotle once said, â€Å"The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.† People perceive art on a personal level, and relate it to themselves or their life in order to form a sort of connection. Art and culture are invariably linked, constantly pushing and pulling the advancement of one another. A good example of art reflecting culture in history is the Renaissance Era. During the Renaissance, Europe had an immediate renewal in art and learning. Europe was recovering from the bubonic plague; there was a rejuvenation of wealth in prosperity. There was a somewhat excess in wealth, which resulted in many people becoming patrons of the art, or wealthy people that sponsored artists to continue their craft. They could afford to spend their money and invest in an upcoming artist, or buy his paintings. Due to the sudden rise in patrons, artists were becoming famous, there were suddenly many more artists being employed to work in public buildings and sculpt people. For example, Michelangelo was paid to illustrate the Sistine Chapel, and also sculpted. The Renaissance scholars brought back the original, classical forms of artwork from the Roman and Greek times, because they grew tired of the simplistic, archaic methods of the Middle Ages. It also changed the subjects and ways that the artists created their  artwork. Before the Renaissance, everything had been about religion and ideological faith. The Renaissance brought about new ideas and concepts for artists, such as Michelangelo’s sculpture, David. It depicts David moments before the biblical battle between the Philistines and the Israelites, where he is depicted as powerful, yet graceful. Artwork like this began to show humanism, humanities achievements and potential. Also, the Renaissance changed the way that writers wrote their literature. Writer’s like Dante and Francesco Petrarch had begun writing in the vernacular, or their native languages, being Italian and Latin instead of only the traditional Latin. But art and culture are not only linked in the Renaissance they are also a large portion of the Muslim world at that point. Art was used in the Mughal Court, exceedingly so, in the form of illustration in scripts. They would have small, detailed paintings called â€Å"miniatures† in books. In times of wealth, artwork would invade the empire’s temples, market places, and mosques. The artwork reflected the deities of the mosques and temples, while the artworks in the more common places were adorned with art of different styles from different countries. While the art was beautiful and elaborate in India and other major Muslim empires, it was also extremely expensive. The people of the art-obsessed nations usually had to pay hefty taxes to help finance public art projects; which meant sometimes having taxation abused to pay for huge technically unnecessary architectural buildings. An example is the Taj Mahal, a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal that Shah Jahan, one of the rulers of India, dedicated to his lost love in her memory. This sentimental gesture cost the tax payers, and his people began to starve. Art in China was intricate and just as awe inspiring as the rest of the worlds, but this is a good demonstration of how culture reflects artwork. Artwork in Europe was more about perspective, and new ideas. Chinese art valued technique and diligence over creativity and imagination. Even in pottery, technical skills and experimentation won over creativity. Kabuki was a popular source of entertainment for families with low income. It unified Chinese society with a common past time, and taught about Chinese history and cultural heroes. In the later 1700’s, Japan also focused on  heatre by using kabuki. Kabuki was an elaborate show consisting of music, exaggeration, exciting costumes and dance. They also read haikus, which uses five, seven, and five stanzas to use the senses to describe senses, smells, feelings, or sounds. All in all, culture and art do affect each other. Culture shapes the texture and subject of art, such as religion and portraits. While art affects culture in that it uses art as a way to depict wealth, as well as used for decoration and symbolism, and as a catalyst and form of release for the philosophical savants of that era. Art was also used to preserve the times of those places, and to preserve the methods and customs of their cultures. People all over the world use art for the same reasons now, and will continue using art for the same reasons. The impact that the shaping and reflecting had on the arts from long ago is evident today from in caves, to the Taj Mahal, to the Sistine Chapel. If it weren’t for the mutuality of art and culture, the world would have developed in a completely different way, and it would be a very, very dull place without the history and depictions of the olden times. http://www.quotegarden.com/art.html – Aristotle’s quote World History: Patterns of Interaction, McDougal Littell

Friday, January 10, 2020

Structure of the continuous improvement Essay

Matrix organization structure is a hybrid divisional and functional structure. As this company is starting to grow, using this structure will help it develop and manage well. The matrix structure allows for the benefits of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization. The matrix organizational structure divides authority both by functional area and by project. In a matrix structure, each employee answers to two immediate supervisors: a functional supervisor and a project supervisor which is very needed in this company. Communication is very important for new structure, as clear guidance and information are need between management and employees. The matrix structure has several advantages such as resource coordination, which allows supervisors to focus on their areas of expertise. Functional supervisors focus on hiring, training and managing employees in their field, while project supervisors can focus on achieving the goals of their specific projects or products. Employees will be more specialization as they are placed in functional areas allows them to specialize in a particular field. Instead of being good at variety of tasks, specialized employees can excel at tasks in their field of focus. Matrix structure also allows employee is to develop wider set of skills by working in team with other department member in a project team. Employees have constant contact with members of different functional areas, the matrix structure allows for information and resources to travel more fluidly between those functional areas. The collaboration between functional areas allows projects team to better handle complex challenges and objectives which one the weakness of old structure make them delay delivery causing them to lose major clients. Also this allows for human resources to be shared flexibly across different projects or products. Functional areas maintain a stock of talented employees to meet projects requirements. his organizational structure can help improve the company structure and weakness so that the mistakes made in the past cannot repeat again by employee and continue to improve business and expanded across Australia. As in the detail says that lot of mistakes happen such as missing major accountant with engineering spare parts supplier due to the lack of support that the current IT system could offer in tracking deliveries, also employee are nervous as the impact that losing the major client have on business, which shows lack confidents and professionalism. There have been many formal complaints made to management on the lack of information that is being discussed with them and that they do not feel valued anymore. There is a site manager in each state and they hold a phone conference meeting each month, but the meetings with site department manager and their teams do not occur regularly. First IT system need to improved and handle by experts as it’s very important to keep records and track of business clients. It will also help to see weak areas and improve them. Also help them save the delivery time. The human resource need to provide training to the employees so they can know the work well and feel confident on what they are doing. They need to know how to handle clients and work like professional. This will help them to provide good service to the clients and make company image good in the eyes of clients. The communication is very important in the organization so because of the lack of communication between the information flow between the employees and management has been effective which cause work problems and misunderstandings. So the communication between the employee and management need to be improved. Another problem is meeting, the meeting needs to take place once a week, and meeting is good way to discussed ideas and share problem. It is also good way to improve the relationship. The management should encourage employees to voice their opinion and support them to be more creative. The organization should handle complaint from client sincerely because this can help to organization to improve their service and this also improves the relationship between company and clients. Effective mentoring and coaching process The basic communication skill of a mentor or coach is not only a certain level of verbal communication skill but as well as the non-verbal  communication skill. The difference between coaching and mentoring are that, the purpose of coaching is to improve the individual’s performance on the job, which involves either enhancing current skills or acquiring new skills on areas in which the employee is in need of coaching but only for a short period of time, maybe even just a few sessions. The coaching lasts for as long as is needed, depending on the purpose of the coaching relationship, and once the coachee successfully acquires the skills, the coach is no longer needed. However, the purpose is to develop the individual not only for the current job, but as well as for the future job. It seeks to provide a safe environment where the mentoree shares whatever issues affect his or her professional and personal success, though specific learning goals or competencies may be used as a basis for creating the relationship, it’s focus goes beyond these areas to include things, such as work and life balance, self-confidence, self-perception, and how the personal influences the professional. However, this distinction differentiates the role of the immediate manager and that of the mentor, and reduces the possibility of creating conflict between the employee’s manager and the mentor. The coach or mentor is a facilitator, not an instructor. They support and challenge the employees to lean and to develop. The employees learn by acquiring new awareness, insight, skills, idea and knowledge. Development involves integrating their learning into the way they are. It is more important that a facilitator asks good questions than that they have ‘right’ answers. Good questions provoke new perspectives and change in the employees. The effective coach or mentor reviews the learning relationship and the learning process, and does not take those for granted, and finds learning methods that suit the employee. They need to help the employees to clarify how they learn best, and how to make coaching or mentoring work for them. Moreover, effective coach or mentor needs to understand the importance of what happens to the employees between each time they coach or mentoring them. Company strategy In the following case study, it has stated that there is a problem with the  outdated system that they have been implementing throughout the last few months. Systems that relates to management of the company and its groups has been not updated for a long time hence the result in formal policies and procedures not working as planned and not being that effective. As a result, there is a huge decrease in the performance from the employees such as late delivery and delay on products that should have been mailed to the customers. In order to ensure that all systems and processes that are used to monitor operational progress and customer service and see what ways we can use to identify the ways in which planning and operation can be improved, we as a Continuous Improvement Manager who has been hired by the Fast Forwarding company should create a company strategy that can improve the bad situation that has been occurring in the company. First of all, we can suggest that the company can use the KPI indicator system which can be very helpful to identify each and every person in the office and how they are performing. Recording each and every action and converting the performance of how well they are doing, the company can understand what the weakness of the employees and the workers are as well be able to identify the needs and requirements that they have to complete to reach the indicated priority that they want to be in. The indicators also tell the company how well they are doing and also measure the overall performance of the business itself. By applying Key Performance Indicator as a company strategy, they will be able to update every members of the company about the objective and therefore find and solve the weakness that has been affecting the performance of the company. Second of all, the use of SWOT analysis can help indicate and scan the company’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. If the company uses the analysis to effectively figure out the weakness and threats of the company itself, they might be able to see what problem is occurring and how much effect it has on the business performance and sales. After they find out what the weaknesses are and what threats might be there that has been creating a barrier from any improvements in their business. They can  implement different alternatives and solution to minimize the problems or completely wipe it out. Apart from the above use of the systems and analysis, there must be a custom of creating a daily check and updates on the system so that it doesn’t get outdated and create a big problem later on for the future. Since it affected formal policies and procedures as well as the whole system that the company is using for the business, the employees are unable to keep up with current system and therefore they lack enough information to be able to hold their performance in a stable way. Other alternatives to be able to improve the company’s problem, the organization can use the Management information system which provides information that the organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Since the IT system of the company Fast Forwarding has been outdated for a long time and haven’t been reviewed by any of the company’s men, we suggest that they apply the MIS to be able to update any information that they have crucial need in. It provides a fixed schedules and reports regularly which can provide vital updates to the company when they need it. The MIS also contain systems such as Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Information System (EIS), Office Automation System (OAS), School Information Management Systems (SIMS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). 1. Decision Support System (DSS): It’s a system that helps in the decision making for the middle and higher management to complete information from a wide range of sources to support in problem solving and decision making. It mostly helps in structured and unstructured problems. 2. Executive Information System (EIS): This is a system that concludes all the information that has been provided by all the departments and organizations so that they are able to summarize them with ease and convenience through proper order. 3. Office Automation System (OAS): The system supports the communication and  productivity in the enterprise by automatically sending all the information and work flows for each of the employees easily. This helps in an efficient way to spread all the working information to everyone in the workplace at the same time and as fast as possible. 4. School Information Management Systems (SIMS): This system covers the administration on teaching and learning materials that can help in assisting the employees with the training and experience providing necessary materials for them to utilize during the session for training and mentoring. 5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): The system facilitates the flow of information inside the organizations throughout each departments as well as mange the flow and connections of stakeholders that are outside the boundaries of organization. To conclude, the system that they used had many flaws because they haven’t updated or review for a long time. Therefore, as given solution regarding company strategy up above, if they implement it with care, the company can overcome the problems that they have having and finally be able to improve the performance and the status of the business. How to informing Stakeholders are those person, group or organizations that are interested in the project that the company has been working on and therefore have trusted them enough to invest on the company. So in order to inform all the stakeholders about the new company strategy, we can use different communication strategy to be able to give them all the details and information concerning the new changes. Firstly, we can create a schedule for all the stakeholders so that they can be gathered up for the meeting. We can provide all the stakeholders with the notice through person, all the stakeholders can gather up in a precise location and discuss the new changes and be able to confirm that everybody gets it. Another way is to use technological factors to inform all the stakeholders. Different alternatives such as mailing the information to the stakeholders can also be used as one of the communication strategy to immediately inform every stakeholder as well as give them a softcopy of everything that needs to be included as changes of the new company strategy. As a conclusion there can be different ways to use communication strategy to forward different details and information to the stakeholders so that they can be updated every now and often. Future planning One of the biggest challenges faced by any kinds of companies and organizations are how to plan for the future, what to invest in, where to place your bet? It is really hard to perfectly predict the coming future and prepare for those upcoming situations, but we do have the creative thinking skills and behaviors to build an imaginative look at the future and to help the company to create powerful future scenarios and plan appropriate implications create powerful future scenarios and plan appropriate implications. I believe, the only way to lead a company to succeed is to be able to build new, advantaged knowledge that others do not know but we discover through powerful designs. Also, it is important to discover the unknown future opportunities that we do not know. In order to higher the chance to be successful, we have to do more than long term strategy, which an advanced model for foresight requires treating it as much more than the prediction of futurists or a technology development exercise. It should involve both analytical and imaginative thinking, which reaches beyond typical corporate approaches to strategic planning. However, it typically does not have a single answer, so we must consider multiple scenarios and make some collective bets in order to avoid worse-case scenario.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Computer Surveillance The Legal Realm, Public Perception...

Computer surveillance refers to the use of computers to track the activity of individuals at the workplace. It is a common practice especially in industries that have a large number of employees whom they cannot monitor in person. The research will examine computer monitoring as one of the methods which the management uses to monitor employee activity at the workplace. The researcher will examine the advantages of computer monitoring at the workplace in detail in relation to the legal realm, public perception and criticism. Firms store most of their data in the computer database. In fact, many companies rely on computer networks to communicate with its employees, stakeholders and clients. It has been proved that computers help a business ease its activities such as record keeping, monitoring employees and word processing among others. However, the use of computers in the work place breeds concerns such as security threats and privacy issues. 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